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Bei der derzeit stattfindenden WTO-Ministerkonferenz entscheidet die Weltgemeinschaft über die Doha-Runde: Die Erfolgsaussichten sind gering, denn die großen Industriemächte setzen lieber auf Freihandelsabkommen wie TTIP; Sozial- und Umweltstandards bleiben auf der Strecke, genauso wie…

This collection focuses on the impact of the changing global distribution of power on the EU's energy policy and ability to project its approach to energy-related issues abroad. The chapter discusses the EU as an actor in global energy, and shows that the EU – short of a strong set of policy tools –…

Publicity in Human Rights Foreign Policy Executive Summary NGOs and states alike can publicly criticize repressive governments. Such “shaming” serves to attract attention to actions perceived as wrongful. Shaming seeks to increase the costs for offenders and thus acts as a deterrence mechanism. In…

Energy Geopolitics Are Back in Europe In European capitals, an increasingly assertive Russia has triggered renewed concerns related to the security of EU gas supplies. EU leaders have vivid memories of January 2009 when Russian gas supplies were cut for 13 days, affecting a total of 16 EU member…

Given that Indonesia has long refrained from committing to the Trans-Pacific Partnership (TPP), President Joko “Jokowi” Widodo’s announcement in late October that “Indonesia intends to join the TPP” came as a surprise to most of the world. Jokowi’s statement directly followed his trip to Washington,…

In the aftermath of the Paris attacks, German President Joachim Gauck has been making loose talk about “a new kind of war,” which, some say, would require the creation of a new anti-terror unit for the European Union. But this misses the whole point. Europe does not have any shortage of special…

Europa braucht eine neue Form der Anti-Terror-Kooperation Der Bundespräsident orakelt von einer „neuen Art von Krieg“. Da liegt für einige der Gedanke einer neuen EU-weiten Truppe von Anti-Terrorspezialkräften nah, sozusagen einer schnellen Eingreiftruppe. Doch solche Gedanken gehen am wahren…

Executive Summary Computer Security Incident Response Teams (CSIRTs) are an important pillar of global cybersecurity. What was once a small and informal community now comprises hundreds of CSIRTs, including governmental and non-governmental institutions. An important trend in recent years has been…

Technologies are used increasingly in humanitarian, development and human rights. This field of work is sometimes abbreviated with “ICT4D,” or information communication technologies for development. But new technologies can also introduce new risks, especially concerning digital security and…

Introduction Resolution 1973, which authorized military intervention in Libya, marked the first time that the United Nations Security Council explicitly mandated the use of force against a functioning state to prevent imminent atrocity crimes. The debate on the international community’s…

Introduction The intervention in Libya in 2011 was an early test for the coercive, non-consented operationalization of the Responsibility to Protect (R2P), sparking a policy debate on how and under what circumstances protection should actually be conducted. This article analyses these debates on the…

The Case of Kenya Introduction In public discourse and scholarly analyses, the “Responsibility to Protect” (R2P) is often reduced to military intervention. As other articles in this special issue show, the coercive elements of R2P are the basis for many of the controversies surrounding this norm.…

Introduction The evolution of international norms is not necessarily a linear process. Rather, their development depends on their acceptance by coalitions of international actors. This acceptance can vary greatly on a case-by-case basis, from widely shared consensus on, to fierce contestation of,…

Major Powers Debate the Responsibility to Protect Introduction In 2015, the world marked the 70th anniversary of the United Nations Charter and the 10th anniversary of the world’s political endorsement of a responsibility to protect populations from genocide, crimes against humanity, war crimes and…

Introduction In a talk entitled “Is the Age of Intervention Over?” Michael Ignatieff said that “it is a world fundamentally irrevocably split over the normative justifications for intervention, so that all we do is serve up parodic versions of each other’s argument.” Alexander Cooley, pointing to…

Introduction The final phase of the war in Sri Lanka is often framed in stark geopolitical terms. The Sri Lankan government defeated the rebel group Liberation Tigers of Tamil Eelam (LTTE) with a broad military offensive that resulted in a large number of civilian casualties, ending the 26-year…

Re-Examining the R2P Debate and Its Impact Introduction Ten years after inter-communitarian violence and a government-orchestrated counter-insurgency attracted the world’s attention, the literature treats Darfur and the responsibility to protect (R2P) as almost coterminous with failure. Liberal…

Was uns aus dem Netz droht: zwei Warnungen Vor mehr als 50 Jahren, im Jahre 1961, warnte der scheidende US-Präsident Eisenhower in seiner Abschiedsrede vor der Herausbildung eines „militärisch-industriellen Komplexes“, der die Freiheit bedrohe. Haben wir es heute mit einem weiterführenden, einem…

The Impact of the World Summit Negotiations on the R2P Trajectory Introduction Proponents of the responsibility to protect (R2P) populations from mass atrocities have hailed the concept's collective endorsement at the 2005 World Summit, a gathering of heads of state and government for UN reform, as…